Oven



Dec. 23, 1941. M. D. cuRRAvN OVEN Filed April 2o, 1940 Patented Dec. 23,1941 OVEN vMaurice D. Curran, Glendale, Mo., `assigner to Tar tPetroleum Process Company, Chicago, `Ill., a corporation o! IllinoisApplication April zo, 1940, seran No. 330,655 s claims. (cl. 2oz- 102)The present invention relates' to improvements in ovens.

More particularly the present invention relates to improvements in thetype of coke oven construction described and claimed in Patent No.2,148,108 to Maurice D. Curran, dated February 2l, 1934. Said'Patent No.2,148,108 relates to the general subject matter of the Knowles PatentNo. 1,745,996, granted'February 4, 1930, having to do with a sole-redcoke oven heated 4by a plurality of independent sole combustion fluesarranged beneath the sole of the oven. Said Curran Patent No. 2,148,108contemplated means for accomplishing uniformity of ilue heating.

An object of the'present invention is to provide a construction in whichthe sole combustion flues may be supplied with either blast furnace gas.producer gas, `coke oven gas, or oil gas, said types of gas to be usedeither simultaneously or alternatively.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a constructionwhereby oil gas may be efllciently supplied to a coke oven at the pointwhere it is most needed and can be utilized to the best advantage.

A-further object is to provide an oven wherein oil can be usedl as thesole fuel for oven firing, or used simultaneously with gas, either fuelsupplementing the other.

Further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

The one ligure of the drawing is a vcross-sectional view indicating moreor less diagrammatii I trated)l upstanding from the horizontal wall 8,which walls define the bottom boundary of the flues 1. As illustrated inthe drawing, said wall 8 is formed to provide apertures 9--9 adjacent tothe end walls of the oven whereby to provide communication from the uesI to the space below the wall 8, Projecting downwardly from the belowthe horizontal wall 8 into two regenerathe regenerators at the two endsof the 'oven are downtakes Il-Il leading to the waste gas tun- Accordingto the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the oven isprovided with a plurality of passageways I6-l6 extending from the twoends of the oven to regions adjacent to the medial wall I0. Saidpassageways Iii- I6 communicate with the atmosphere at the two ends ofthe oven, and adjacent vto the middle of the oven communicate with airdowntakes Il-I'i which lead to the two hot air tunnels I8-I8. Each ofthe tunnels I8 communicates with a pipe 20, which, through a fan box 2|(equipped with the necessary valve). leads to an air header 22. Said airheaders 22-22 are connected by meansof the air inlets 23 to thepassageways I3-f-I3 of the regenerators at the two ends of the oven.`The numerals 24-24 indicate gas manifolds which through gas inlets25-25 deliver combustible gas to the fiues 1-1 underlying the sole orfloor I'.

A baille wall 2B is preferably mounted in each 1 of the passagewaysI3I3, which baille walls extend from the medial Wall I0 towardthe endsof the oven. Said baille walls 26-26 are disposed in parallelrelationship with the horizontal wall 8 and are located between saidhorizon-` distances from the ends of the oven for r,admitting air fromthe regenerative chambers to the ends of the flues 'I-l. The horizontal'wall 8,

which forms the lower boundary of the fiues l-|, is provided with aplurality of apertures 29-29 providing communication between the spaceabove the baille walls 26-26 and the flues l-'I.

, for modifying `the extent of opening of the openings 8-9 and '2S-29.4'

The numerals 3I-3Il indicate oil burners which are adapted to besupplied with oil from Y wall 8 is the medial wall I0 dividing the spaceEach of said .baille walls` lvI-II Slide bricks 30-30 have beenillustrated' the oil headers 32--32 at the two ends of the oven and areadapted to be supplied with air and/or steam from the air headers 33-33located at the two ends of the oven. Valves 32a-32a and 33o-33a controlthe supply of oil s and air, respectively, to said burners 3|-3L Saidoil burners 3|-3I communicate with the Venturi throats 34--34 disposedin a plane slightly above the plane of the members 21-21. Said burners3|-3I are preferably movable to- 10 ward and away from the throats34--34 for the purpose of controlling the amount of secondary airentering said throats. Disposed in position to receive the blast fromthe vVenturi throats 34-34 are the refractory members 3535. 15 Flamesand mixtures of atomized oil, steam. and/or air from the oil burners8l3i are adapted to impinge against the members 35-35. It'may bepreferred to use a mixture oi air and steam in the air headers 33; or itmay be pre- 20 ferred to use steam alone in the headers 3l and admit allair at the secondary air inlets between the burners 3l and the Venturithroats 34.

The mode of operation of the above described embodiment of the presentinvention is substantially as follows: When it is preferred to use gasfor combustion in the fiues 1 1, gas will be alternately suppliedthrough the gas inlets 25-25 at thetwo ends of the oven When gas issupplied through the left-hand gas inlets 25, as the parts are viewed inthe drawing, air will be supplied through the inlets 23 at the saine endof the oven, which air in passing through the correspending regenerativepassageway i3 will be preheated for mixture with the gas being deliveredfrom the gas inlets l25. At this time products of Vcombustion from theilues l--l will pass through the right-hand regenerative passageway i3,heating up the structure dening said passageway, passing out through theright-hand tunnel 40 l5 from the gas inlets 25 at the left-hand end ofthe oven. However, a material proportion of the gas from the left-handregenerative passageway i3 will pass along above the partition wall 25to the apertures Eil- 2E to unite with unburned portions of the gasdelivered toward the mid region oi the oven. The result is a relativelyuniform heat distribution throughout the lengths oi' the ues 'E-. At thesame time the products of combustion will in part pass downwardlythrough the apertures 29-29 at the right-hand end of the oven and theremainder of said waste heat gases. w will pass downwardly through theaperture 9 at the right-hand end of the oven. The result is theavoidance of excessive heat at the outer ends of saidilues ll.

.according to the present invention, oil firing gg may be substitutedfor the gas firing, or may be used simultaneously with the gas firing.When it is desired to use the oil burners til-33, the injection o oiland steam and/or air is controlled by .the valves 32 and 33S, and theamount of fg@ 'secondary air is controlled by the Venturi throats 36 andthe locations of the burners di relative to said throats. With properadjustments the members :is-J5EE may be heated to incandescence. With asurplus oi oil delivered by the burners 3i, ttl

which oil is gasiiled on impingement against the corresponding member35, the oil gas will pass through the corresponding openings 9 to thenues 1 1. Part of this oil gas will be burned at the correspondingopening 9, depending upon the amount of air admitted to said opening .9.The `balance of the oil gas will be burned at the ports 29-29, accordingto the amount of air admitted at these ports, 'determined by thelocations 'of the bricks 30-30. The term surplus of oil" of courserefers to an excess of oil over and above that necessaryto combine withthe air admitted through the oil burners.

According to the present invention, oil will be gasiiled and burned inthe sole dues l-l in a manner similar to that discussed above inconnection with gas admitted through the gas inlets 25-25, thuspermitting the propagation of heat throughout the length o! the iluesand an even distribution of heat tothe floor and the oven structure.

The advantages of the present invention will be apparent withoutdetailed explanation. One

advantage is that peak loads may be supplied by ksubstituting oil forgas ilring for short intervals,

thereby eliminating large investments in gas storoils produced in thecarbonizing operation may be used for under firing, where the gas hasgreater economic value than the tar oils. Still another advantage isthat petroleum oils can be used where their value is less than the gasproduced in carbonlzing. Another valuable advantage is that in startingup the carbonizing plant where gas is not available, oil can be used toheat the oven structure.

With reference to the advantage last mentioned, the following discussionmay be had.

In starting up a new coking oven where a supply of gas has not yet'Ibeen built up, a serious economic problem arises as to how to heat upthe oven and get a supply of gas i'or commercial operation. In startingcertain types of oven it has been common practice to build a producerplant or provide a blue-water gas producing plant for the purpose ofsupplying this g'as for placing the plant in operation. This hasrequired an investment of thousands of dollars in a commercial plant.

According to the present invention, ordinary salamanders fired with cokeor other smokeless fuel are disposed along the regenerative faces of theovens, and the products of combustion are led into regenerative chambersto heat up the brick work therein to a temperature oi around 500 deg. F.Oil ttings are provided in connection with a iew ovens, say about threeovens. and liquid oil is directed through these oil nttings toward thebricks 35-35. The stream of liquid oil will be ignited, whereby a ilamewill be directed against the bricks 35-35 toprogressively heat saidbricks. By reason of the impingement of the oil against the heatedbricks, a certain amount of combustion will take place, resulting in thegasiiication of part of the oil. A further efiect of the impingement isto break up the particles of oil to form soot, which will be carriedalong Wth the oil gas products into the combustion nues below the ovenfloor l, air being provided for combustion purposesthrough theregenerative passages lli-I3. After a few days operation the oven isheated up to an operative temperature and in a short time the few ovensbeing started will be producing a supply of gas for operating purposes.After the first few ovens have been started, the oil ttins may be trferred to another set of ovens and the same operhas been produced fromthe two sets of ovens nrst mentioned, and will heat up the third set ofovens. The operationV is carried forward in like manner until the plantis in complete operation.

After the plant has been put in'operation the oil ilttings may beremoved and transported to another plant, perhaps in an entirelydifferentpart of the country; or these oil iittings can be kept on handso that in the event that the plant has ceased operations for any causeit can be easily started'again, following the same procedure asdescribed for the original start. Insuch event the investment in the oilnttingsamounts to only a few hundred dollars as compared to manythousands of dollars. It will also be understod that the oil ttings maybe kept in position at all times, so that in the' event it is desirableto increase surplus gas from the coking plant, an oil or oil fuel may beused to carry on the carbonizing operation as a replacement for gas.

Though one embodiment of the present invention'has been described indetail, many modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. It isintended to cover all such modifications that fall within thevscope ofthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a coke oven, in combination, ahorizonta coking floor, meansincluding Va horizontal wall below said floor forming a plurality ofheating iiues extending longitudinally of said, oven, means dividing thespace below said horizontal wall into a pair of regenerative chambers,said horizontal wall having g plurality of apertures spaced lengthwiseof said oven and providing communication between said fiues and saidregenerative chambers, certain of said apertures being located adjacentto the ends of said oven, means for admitting gas to said flues at theends oi said aven remote from, said dividing means, means for admittingair to said regenerative chambers for mixture with said gas, oil burnersat each end of said oven for delivering atomized oil to said ilues, andrefractory members located adjacent to the ends of said horizontal wallin iront of said oil burners whereby -said refractory members will beimpinged by the blasts from said oil burners to cause gasification ofthe oil carried insaid blasts.

2. In a coke oven, in combination, a horizontal coking floor, meansincluding a horizontal wall` below said iioor forming a plurality oi'heating ilues extending longitudinally of said oven, means dividing thespace below said horizontal wall into a pair of regenerative chambers,-said horizontal wail having a plurality of apertures spaced lengthwiseof said oven and providing communication between said iiues and saidregenerative chambers, certain oflsaid apertures being lccated adjacentto the ends of said oven, means for admitting gas to said flues at theends of said oven remote from said dividing means, means for admittingair to said regenerative chambers for mixture with said gas, oil burnersat each end of said oven for delivering atomized oil, and refractorymembers located adjacent to the ends of said horizontal wall in front ofsaid oil burners, whereby said refractory members will be impinged bythe blasts from said oil burners to cause gasification of the oilcarried by said blasts, each of said refractory members being located inposition to cause the intermingling of the atomized oil in itscorresponding blast with air from the corresponding regenerativechamber.

3..In a coke oven, in combination, a coking V floor, said oven havinglongitudinal nues below said iloor, the lower boundary of said nuesbeing deiined by a horizontal wall having apertures spaced therealong,certain of said apertures being located adjacent to the ends of saidoven,

said oven being provided with regenerative .said door, the lowerboundary of said nues being defined by a horizontal wall havingvapertures spaced therealong, certain of said apertures being locatedadjacent to the ends of said oven, said oven being provided withregenerative chambers below said wall and having communication with saidnues through said apertures, gas

burnermea-ns for directing gas to said nues for 1 combustion purposes,oil burner means for delivering atomized oil, and refractory meanslocated adjacent to the ends of said horizontal wall positioned to beimpinged by atomized oil from said oil burner means to cause thegasincation of the oil delivered by said oil burner means and to promotethe intermingling of oil from said oil burner means with air from saidregenerative chambers.

5. In a` coke oven, in combination, a coking tloor, said oven havinglongitudinal nues below said iioor. the lower boundary of said iiuesbeing defined by a horizontal wall having apertures spaced therealong,certain of said apertures being located adjacent to the ends'of saidoven, a pair of regenerative chambers. having communication with saidnues through said apertures, means for delivering gas at the two ends ofsaid nues, means for delivering a mixture of oil and steam or air, andrefractory means adapted to be lmpinged by the mixture from said mixturedelivering means, said refractory means being `located adjacent to theends of said horizontal said floor, the lower boundary of said iluesbeing deiined by a horizontal wallhaving apertures spaced therealong,certain of said apertures being located adjacent to the ends of saidoven, said oven being provided with regenerative chambers below saidwall and having communication with said iiues through said apertures,gas burner means for directing gas to said iiues for combustionpurposes, oil burner means, Venturi throat members for directingatomized oil from said oil burner means to said ues, and refractorymeans positioned to be impinged by the combustible mixture from saidVenturi throat 5 means, said refractory means being located adjacent tothe ends of said horizontal wall in front of said oil burner meanswhereby to be impinged by the blast from said oil burner means to causethe gasification of the oll carried in said blast and to aid in theintermingling of the materials in said blast with air from saidregenerative chambers.

MAURICE D. CURRAN.

